PRIDNEPROVIE'S ECOLOGICAL FOUNDATION

P.O.B. 4159, Dnepropetrovsk-30, , 320030, Ukraine
Tel: (+380 56) 778-0648, fax: (+380 56) 244-7668
E-mail:

SUMMARY

The Ukraine is one of most ecologically adverse among European countries. The Ukrainian Parliament declared the whole republic an ecological disaster zone. Unfortunately, the main conception of nature protection in the Ukraine was the fixation and analysis of human impact on surroundings. Today the situation is changing and this defensive conception is replaced by the new one, the main approach of which is the rebuilding of agricultural and industrial complex. It's the conception both of ecologization and of "The Cleaner production", its basis is the systematic approach. Our region's complicated ecological situation caused an urgent necessity for practical actions. The main problem in dissolving of this problem is absence of specialists that are ready to realize the concepts of cleaner production and constructive ecology. It is necessary to create the system of continuous ecological education and upbringing. Some our successes is in a sphere of ecological education, in particular, system of continuous ecological education was recently shown on an International Exhibition in Kiev. Two specialized ecological classes and two schools work as ecological structures. Children's studio of animation art in the area of ecology "Eco-anima" is created. The third year the school of ecological management successfully works, organized for the students of a city. The program of preparation in this school is similar to the programs of western training centers in the sphere of ecological management.

The first in Ukraine regional Centre of ecological education is created and successfully develops in cooperation with a Centre of information technologies. For the first time in Ukraine some groups of the experts on "Ecological Management" were trained. Also there were represented 3 groups of secondary school teachers that got retraining in the field of active ecology. Besides, 4 groups of the experts of industry were represented. There are some experience on a technique of training at ecologization with use of computers, some of the interesting programs are developed, to which western ecologists have displayed interest. In a Centre experience of ecological education in Sunday school of junior schoolboys is fulfilled, where are studied about 1 thousand children. For the first time in our region on the base of ecological schools the first children's ecological expedition was organized. In this work our specialists are not closed within the framework of opportunities of a region. Active work on a output in world ecological community in questions of ecological education and information is conducted. The first in Ukraine Pridneprovie scientific, educational and information Centre for cleaner production (PSEIC) is created, which is now making out as international and establishes business and scientific contacts to similar western centers. Besides PSEIC, on line of ecological education we have founded the Regional Center of Ecological Education in Dniepropetrovsk for not only training the students but for representation of specialists and first of all of industrial fields, tutor , educators, engineers and other specialists in sphere of the ecological management, environmental technology and equipment, designing the cleaner productions, etc. In 1993-1994 there were more than 10O engineers, 75 teachers, 120 students that received the different forms of ecological education in this center. Besides more than 8OO of schoolboys study there permanently. In contrast to other similar centers, we give more consideration to studying industrial plants ecologization systems. In other words the elimination of its is a removal of environmental surrounding pollution causes but not only to analysis, fixing and elimination of technological influence on the environmental surrounding consequences. Our concept is similar concept "The Cleaner Production".

Our main program of retraining "The program at theory and practice of cleaner production" contains some blocks whole 100 hours and its base is the systematic approach.

1st block

Antropogenic factors' influence on soil. Ocean and maintaining life balance. Major industrial, everyday, nature factors, ill-affecting health. Gases, liquids, solid waste, electromagnetic and nuclear radiation, oscillations. Medico-biological factors. World & regional monitoring. Water, air, earth monitoring. Ecological policy and law. Ecological information. Economics and ecology. Ways of ecological problems solution. Pure industries. Low waste and wasteless production, urbanization and infrastructure of society. Density of the population and resources. Peace, wars and weapons. Investing in future. Sustainable development. Applied psychological information. Defensive properties of environment. Resources. Raw materials. Energy - resources, exhaustion of energy, issues of its usage, saving. Food supplies. Food provision. Hydro-chemistry of soil.

Systematic ecology. World and regional ecological problems. Basis of the theory ecologization of the industrial enterprises. Complex ecologization of industrial manufacture. Concepts about the system analysis. Databases on physical -chemical methods of effect on systems. Classification of methods of optimization and ecologization. Criterions of optimization of a ecological engineering. Quantitative definition of intensity, efficiency, flexibility, degree of production cleanliness. Algorithm of optimization. Ecologization of the industrial equipment. The complex approach. Examples of realization of algorithm by optimization of particular productions. Concept about flexibility of an engineering and methods of its quantitative definition. Local and integrated flexibility at various levels of hierarchy of object. The concept of maintenance of required flexibility of systems. Algorithm of maintenance of flexibility. Methods of maintenance of flexibility of technology and equipment. Adaptability of a industrial engineering and methods of its maintenance. Internal and external flexibility and connection between them. Concurrent chemical-mass transfer processes as example of the most flexible technologies. The blocal-modular approach and flexible equipment on the basis of its use. Repeated inversion of phases and its use at creation of a flexible engineering. Bases of flexible management by flexible systems. The area of use of flexible systems. Concept about degree of production cleanliness and methods of its quantitative definition. Connection of an optimum level degree of production cleanliness with economic parameters of installations. Methods of ecologization of plants. The system approach - basis of the modern approaches to ecologization. Strategic principles and tactical receptions of ecologization. Principles of systematic ecologization (non-wasteless through selectivity, local neutralization of pollution, recuperation of salvaging, resource saving, integrated approach, multiple of use of resources and energy, maximum selectivity of synthesis and division, ecologization of a sphere of consumption. egime-technological methods of ecologization (process maintenance with excessive less toxic reagent, minimizing the time of processing, recirculation, closed character of substance and energy streams, combination of synthesis and separation). Apparatus-constructive methods of ecologization (adaptiveness, intensification, closed structure, poly-functional character).

Examples of realization. Industry ecologization. Local disinfection. Wastelessness through selectivity. Recycling. Utilization of waste. Resources preservation. Complexity. Selectivity of synthesis and decomposition. Cyclic processes. Recirculation as a method of ensuring wastelessness.

-20 hours

2nd block

Water. Water demand. Water pollution. Classification of water impurities and methods of their removing. Water supply and watercycle at enterprises. Mechanical & physico-mechanical methods of water purification. Bio-chemical method of water purification. Electrochemical methods of water purification. Ozoning water. Air. Sources of pollution. Self-cleaning of the atmosphere. Calculation of gases outbursts. Gases purification by absorption and absorbtion. Physical methods of gases purification. Oxidizing and thermal decomposition. Apparatus for removing dust from gases - classification of apparatus, dust precipitating chamber, inertial dust catchers, apparatus of shock- inertial and centrifugal type, Venturri scrubbers, filters, electro filters. Apparatus for physicochemical purification of gases. Types of absorbers, requirements for absorbents, ways of perfecting contact devices construction. Methods of calculating absorbers. Absorbers, requirements for adsorbents, classification of absorbers, calculation of adsorber. Reactors of catalytic purification of gases, requirements for catalysts, peculiarities of calculating reactors. Apparatus of ion exchange. Methods of gases purification intensification by ionites, stages of process, peculiarities of calculating apparatus.

Constructions and equipment for mechanical purification of sewage, blenders and their calculation. Grids, drum nets, sand catchers, settlers. Equipment for separation of suspensions, classification, filters (filter presses, sheet filters, shell filters, dynamic, drum vacuum filters, band & plate vacuum filters, filters with grained partition) hydro-cyclones, settlers (horizontal, radial, vertical, thin layered), clarifiers, oil catchers.

Equipment for chemical and physico-chemical purification of sewage. Equipment for neutralization of sewage, peculiarities of neutralization process, filters-neutralizers, absorbers. Equipment for coagulation. Equipment for sewage purification by oxidizers, peculiarities of process, calculating methods of ozoning reactor. Flotation installments, ways of flotation, installment of pressure flotation, flotation silt compressors, impeller flotation. Extraction installations. Apparatus for absorption and ion exchange processing of sewage. Apparatus for membrane purification of sewage.

Installations of electrochemical purification of sewage. Electro-flotation plants, electro-coagulators, electrolyses, electrodialysers; their construction, calculating peculiarities, coprecipitation.

Constructions and apparatus for bio-chemical purification of sewage. Air tanks. Biofilters. Equipment for biochemical recycling of waste products in anaerobic conditions and peculiarities of process. Constructions for biochemical recycling of sewage waters in natural conditions, oxidizing ponds, aired ponds. Equipment for settling stabilization and dewatering of active silt - secondary settlers, equipment for recycling of precipitates, gravitational silt compressors, dryers.

Prospective directions of ecologizing industry. Electro-aerosol methods and equipment. Electrochemical methods and equipment. New technology of soaking coal graphite materials and catalysts. Flexible industrial systems. Acoustic equipment for intensifying mass exchange processes. Combined reaction-separation processes. Reactor of water ozoning. Poly-flotational plants.

-10 hours

3th block

Salvaging and processing of industrial wastes. Secondary resource using. Scientific -methodical, information and executive -legal maintenance of a waste problem. Replacement of primary raw material secondary; an establishment complete o resource value; Creation of technologies of complex processing of raw material; cascade designing of manufacture. Minimization of volume primary and secondary waste; reduction of the harm; reduction of the pollution of territories. The concept of ecologically clean manufactures; the decision of a problem nonwasteless on the basis of territorial interdepartmental and inter-branch cooperation. Creation of a complex administrative, legal, organizational and economic measures on stimulation of salvaging and neutralization of the waste; information support of resource and ecological problems.

Analysis of a condition of the raw market; economic valuation of expediency of salvaging; definition of waste properties; problem-oriented classifications waste; definition of volumes, rates of occurrence and accommodation waste development of new and completion acting technologies with reference to properties waste; differentiation waste on properties and selective warehousing; designing of technological chains of complex processing of raw material; sequence of measures of salvaging. Valuation of toxic waste and gears of their effect on ecological systems; classification of ecological danger; selective warehousing as danger; economic valuation of measures on waste harmlessness ; development of methods, means and technologies on waste harmlessness; passport of technology; filling of databases.

- 10 hours

4th block

Optimization of natural environment. Ecological hydro-chemical valuation of objects of optimization. Normative limiting parameters of quality of environment. Forecasting and regulation of optimal processes. Methods of ecological optimization of surrounding. Examples of realization of optimal systems. The science about biosphere and its evolution. Valuation of efficiency of use of mineral resources. Control of nature using, regional economy. Ecological monitoring. Technical, programs and information maintenance of monitoring. The control and management of quality of natural environment.

-10 hours

5th block

Environmental management and marketing and its peculiarities. World activity in the sphere of environment protection. International environmental cooperation and control. Management of waste products. Management of human resources. Management of power resources. Economic and legal aspects of nature using. The Ukrainian legislation of nature preserve. The control and management of quality of natural environment. Methods of valuation of damage from technical activity. Legal questions of definition of payments for resources and payments for excess of standards. System of analysis of technical activity. Bases professional management. Concepts about methods of management and theory of the business communications. Features of ecological management. Marketing and its use in an ecological sphere. Organization and engineering of commercial operations. Concept, principles, main elements of marketing, work with the ecological goods, study of the market, system of the proposal of the goods, feature of advertising in the ecological area. Foreign trade activities in the ecological area. Main directions and principles of international cooperation in the field of the constructive decision of regional and global ecological problems. Valuation of opportunities of interstate regulation of character of industrial activity for radical improvement of a regional ecological situation. Use of gears of a market economy in management of protection of a environment and ecologization of industrial objects of a region.

- 10 hours

6th block

Bases of computer literacy ( under the program "ORT" ). A device of a computer. External devices. Main commands of operating system MS DOS. A operating environment " Norton commander ". The text editors. The electronic tables ( tabulated processor LOTUS 1-2-3). The applied programs for the industrial technology HiSym, PRO / II, "Technologist ",etc. Settlement and experimental methods of the analysis of technology. Mathematical modeling as the basis of technological accounts. Physical chemistry and hydrodynamics as the base of technology. Applied aspects of chemical cynetic, thermodynamics, hydrodynamics and heat transfer. Account of the material and thermal balance of the circuits as a means of connection of valuation to the ecological requirements.

-30 hours

7th block

Theories of technical creation and decision making. Development of technical systems. Psychological peculiarities of creative activities. Methods of technical creative activity in solving problems of ecologization. Method of attempts and errors. Brain storm. Morphological analysis. Synechtics. Theory and algorithm of inventory tasks solution. Decision making in risk conditions. Acceptance of the decisions in conditions of risk. Tree of decisions. Probable assessment in random alternatives. Element of the theory of usefulness. Randomized theories of strategy in normal form. Classification of decision choice. Group selection of decision. Development of means of support of acceptance of the decisions creation of information means of the analysis and modeling of ecological situations; development of methods of the analysis of conditions, forecast of development, modeling of the scripts of the decision of a waste problems; development of means expert valuations of the proposals on the decision of ecological problems; creation of integrated base of knowledge of waste problems.

- 10 hours

All this is a part of a ecological policy, which can be named " systematic ecologization" in the sphere of ecological education and enlightenment and, doubtlessly, already in a near future will have positive effect on the decision of our regional and global ecological problems.

Information supplied by the Author January 1999.  Page last updated: January 19, 2004